Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Group

The Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Group (TDMG) aims to robustly identify antimicrobial pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) targets for use in clinical practice by better defining relationships between antimicrobial blood concentrations and outcomes. Using defined antimicrobial PK-PD targets, the Group seeks to test innovative and advanced approaches for dose optimisation, such as using software-guided dosing, so that these can be maximised to help improve patient outcomes and reduce the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.

This research is coordinated by an interdisciplinary team at CRE REDUCE with strong national and international collaborations. There is a large focus of this research in translating findings into clinical practice and a number of workshops on antimicrobial dose optimisation are conducted by CRE REDUCE including the upcoming Antimicrobial Population PK/PD Modelling and Dose Optimisation workshop to be held July 2019 in Nîmes, Southern France.

Leading this team are Dr Menino Osbert Cotta (Team Leader) and Prof Jason Roberts.

Relevant Publications

1. Roberts, Jason A., Croom, Katherine and Adomakoh, Nicholas (2023). Continuous infusion of beta-lactam antibiotics: narrative review of systematic reviews, and implications for outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 21 (4), 375-385. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2184347

2. Selby, Philip R., Heffernan, Aaron J., Yeung, David, Warner, Morgyn S., Peake, Sandra L., Hahn, Uwe, Wallis, Steven C., Mcwhinney, Brett, Ungerer, Jacobus P. J., Shakib, Sepehr and Roberts, Jason A. (2023). Population Pharmacokinetics of Ganciclovir in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 67 (3). doi: 10.1128/aac.01550-22

3. Jarrett, Paul, Keogh, Samantha, Roberts, Jason A., Wallis, Steven C. and Coyer, Fiona M. (2023). Antimicrobial residual drug error in the intensive care unit; a single blinded prospective observational study. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 77 103403, 103403. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2023.103403

4. Beraldi-Magalhaes, Francisco, Parker, Suzanne L., Sanches, Cristina, Garcia, Leandro Sousa, Souza Carvalho, Brenda Karoline, Costa, Amanda Araujo, Fachi, Mariana Millan, de Liz, Marcus Vinicius, de Souza, Alexandra Brito, Safe, Izabella Picinin, Pontarolo, Roberto, Wallis, Steven, Lipman, Jeffrey, Roberts, Jason A. and Cordeiro-Santos, Marcelo (2023). Is the pharmacokinetics of first-line anti-TB drugs a cause of high mortality rates in TB patients admitted to the ICU? A non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 8 (6) 312, 1-10. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed8060312

5. Giuliano, Simone, Angelini, Jacopo, D’Elia, Denise, Geminiani, Monica, Barison, Roberto Daniele, Giacinta, Alessandro, Sartor, Assunta, Campanile, Floriana, Curcio, Francesco, Cotta, Menino Osbert, Roberts, Jason A., Baraldo, Massimo and Tascini, Carlo (2023). Ampicillin and ceftobiprole combination for the treatment of Enterococcus faecalis invasive infections: “The times they are a-changin”. Antibiotics, 12 (5) 879, 1-12. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12050879

6. Legg, Amy, Carmichael, Sinead, Chai, Ming G., Roberts, Jason A. and Cotta, Menino O. (2023). Beta-lactam dose optimisation in the intensive care unit: targets, therapeutic drug monitoring and toxicity. Antibiotics, 12 (5) 870, 1-14. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12050870

7. Williams, Paul, Cotta, Menino Osbert, Abdul-Aziz, Mohd H., Wilks, Kathryn, Farkas, Andras and Roberts, Jason A (2023). In silico evaluation of a vancomycin dosing guideline among adults with serious infections. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Publish Ahead of Print. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000001102

8. Setiawan, Eko, Cotta, Menino Osbert, Abdul-Aziz, Mohd-Hafiz, Widjanarko, Doddy, Sosilya, Hernycane, Lukas, Dwi Lily, Wallis, Steven C., Parker, Suzanne and Roberts, Jason A. (2023). Population pharmacokinetics and dosing simulations of ampicillin and sulbactam in hospitalised adult patients. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 62 (4), 1-14. doi: 10.1007/s40262-023-01219-5

9. Shekar, Kiran, Abdul-Aziz, Mohd H, Cheng, Vesa, Burrows, Fay, Buscher, Hergen, Cho, Young-Jae, Corley, Amanda, Diehl, Arne, Gilder, Eileen, Jakob, Stephan M, Kim, Hyung-Sook, Levkovich, Bianca J, Lim, Sung Yoon, McGuinness, Shay, Parke, Rachael, Pellegrino, Vincent, Que, Yok-Ai, Reynolds, Claire, Rudham, Sam, Wallis, Steven C, Welch, Susan A, Zacharias, David, Fraser, John F. and Roberts, Jason A (2023). Antimicrobial exposures in critically ill patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 207 (6), 704-720. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202207-1393oc

10. Williams, Paul G., Tabah, Alexis, Cotta, Menino Osbert, Sandaradura, Indy, Kanji, Salmaan, Scheetz, Marc H., Imani, Sahand, Elhadi, Muhammed, Luque-Pardos, Sònia, Schellack, Natalie, Sanches, Cristina, Timsit, Jean-Francois, Xie, Jiao, Farkas, Andras, Wilks, Kathryn, Roberts, Jason A., Brinkmann, Alexander, Ramanan, Mahesh, Koulenti, Despoina, Gurjar, Mohan, Sulaiman, Helmi, Shrestha, Gentle, Cortegiani, Andrea, Crespo, Monica, Ling, Lowell, Abidi, Khalid and Schellongowski, Peter (2023). International survey of antibiotic dosing and monitoring in adult intensive care units. Critical Care, 27 (1) 241. doi: 10.1186/s13054-023-04527-1

11. Matusik, Elodie, Boidin, Clément, Friggeri, Arnaud, Richard, Jean-Christophe, Bitker, Laurent, Roberts, Jason A. and Goutelle, Sylvain (2022). Therapeutic drug monitoring of antibiotic drugs in patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy or intermittent hemodialysis: A critical review. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 44 (1), 86-102. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000000941

12. Roberts, Jason A., Bellomo, Rinaldo, Cotta, Menino O., Koch, Birgit C. P., Lyster, Haifa, Ostermann, Marlies, Roger, Claire, Shekar, Kiran, Watt, Kevin and Abdul-Aziz, Mohd H. (2022). Machines that help machines to help patients: optimising antimicrobial dosing in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and renal replacement therapy using dosing software. Intensive Care Medicine, 48 (10), 1338-1351. doi: 10.1007/s00134-022-06847-2

13. Setiawan, Eko, Abdul-Aziz, Mohd-Hafiz, Roberts, Jason A. and Cotta, Menino Osbert (2022). Hospital-based antimicrobial stewardship programs used in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review. Microbial Drug Resistance, 28 (5), 566-584. doi: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0363

14. Kong, Fabian Y. S., Unemo, Magnus, Lim, Shueh H., Latch, Ngaire, Williamson, Deborah A., Roberts, Jason A., Wallis, Steven C., Parker, Suzanne L., Landersdorfer, Cornelia B., Yap, Tami, Fairley, Christopher K., Chow, Eric P F, Lewis, David A., Hammoud, Mohamed A. and Hocking, Jane S. (2022). Optimisation of treatments for oral Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection: Pharmacokinetics Study (STI-PK project) - study protocol for non-randomised clinical trial. BMJ open, 12 (11) e064782, 1-8. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064782

15. Tait, Jessica R., Bilal, Hajira, Rogers, Kate E., Lang, Yinzhi, Kim, Tae-Hwan, Zhou, Jieqiang, Wallis, Steven C., Bulitta, Jürgen B., Kirkpatrick, Carl M. J., Paterson, David L., Lipman, Jeffrey, Bergen, Phillip J., Roberts, Jason A., Nation, Roger L. and Landersdorfer, Cornelia B. (2022). Effect of different Piperacillin-Tazobactam dosage regimens on synergy of the combination with Tobramycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the pharmacokinetics of critically ill patients in a dynamic infection model. Antibiotics, 11 (1) 101, 101. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11010101

16. Setiawan, Eko, Cotta, Menino O., Abdul-Aziz, Mohd Hafiz, Sosilya, Hernycane, Widjanarko, Doddy, Wardhani, Dian K. and Roberts, Jason A. (2022). Indonesian healthcare providers' perceptions and attitude on antimicrobial resistance, prescription and stewardship programs. Future Microbiology, 17 (5), 363-375. doi: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0193

17. Williams, Paul, Cotta, Menino Osbert, Abdul‐Aziz, Mohd H., Wilks, Kathryn, Farkas, Andras and Roberts, Jason A. (2022). In silico evaluation of a beta‐lactam dosing guideline among adults with serious infections. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. doi: 10.1002/phar.275

18. Raza, A., Kamato, D., Sime, F.B., Roberts, J.A., Popat, A., Falconer, J.R. and Kumeria, T. (2022). Influence of PEGylated porous silicon nanoparticles on permeation and efflux of an orally administered antibiotic. Materials Today Advances, 13 100210, 100210. doi: 10.1016/j.mtadv.2022.100210

19. Alshaer, Mohammad H., Goutelle, Sylvain, Santevecchi, Barbara, Shoulders, Bethany, Venugopalan, Veena, Cherabuddi, Kartikeya, Liu, Jiajun, Kiel, Patrick J., Roberts, Jason A., Sime, Fekade Bruck, Scheetz, Marc H., Neely, Michael N. and Peloquin, Charles A. (2022). Cefepime precision dosing tool: from standard to precise dose using nonparametric population pharmacokinetics. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 66 (2) e02046-21, 1-9. doi: 10.1128/aac.02046-21

20. Hagel, Stefan, Bach, Friedhelm, Brenner, Thorsten, Bracht, Hendrik, Brinkmann, Alexander, Annecke, Thorsten, Hohn, Andreas, Weigand, Markus, Michels, Guido, Kluge, Stefan, Nierhaus, Axel, Jarczak, Dominik, König, Christina, Weismann, Dirk, Frey, Otto, Witzke, Dominic, Müller, Carsten, Bauer, Michael, Kiehntopf, Michael, Neugebauer, Sophie, Lehmann, Thomas, Roberts, Jason A., Pletz, Mathias W., Braune, Anke, Schmidt, Karsten, Motsch, Johann, Pinder, Nadine, Richter, Daniel, Schlattmann, Peter ... Chkirni, Hicham (2022). Effect of therapeutic drug monitoring-based dose optimization of piperacillin/tazobactam on sepsis-related organ dysfunction in patients with sepsis: a randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Medicine, 48 (3), 311-321. doi: 10.1007/s00134-021-06609-6

21. Jager, Nynke G. L., Chai, Ming G., van Hest, Reiner M., Lipman, Jeffrey, Roberts, Jason A. and Cotta, Menino O. (2022). Precision dosing software to optimize antimicrobial dosing: a systematic search and follow-up survey of available programs. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 28 (9), 1211-1224. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.03.041

22. Kumta, Nilesh, Heffernan, Aaron J., Cotta, Menino Osbert, Wallis, Steven C., Livermore, Amelia, Starr, Therese, Wong, Wai Tat, Joynt, Gavin M., Lipman, Jeffrey and Roberts, Jason A. (2022). Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid population pharmacokinetics of meropenem in neurocritical care patients: a prospective two-center study. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 66 (8) e0014222, 1-12. doi: 10.1128/aac.00142-22

23. Cheng, Vesa, Abdul-Aziz, Mohd H., Burrows, Fay, Buscher, Hergen, Corley, Amanda, Diehl, Arne, Levkovich, Bianca J., Pellegrino, Vincent, Reynolds, Claire, Rudham, Sam, Wallis, Steven C., Welch, Susan A., Roberts, Jason A., Shekar, Kiran, Fraser, John F. and ASAP ECMO Investigators (2022). Population pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in critically ill patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (an ASAP ECMO study). Anaesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine, 41 (3) 101080, 1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2022.101080

24. Navarrete-Rouco, María Eugenia, Luque, Sònia, Sorlí, Luisa, Benítez-Cano, Adela, Roberts, Jason A. and Grau, Santiago (2022). Therapeutic drug monitoring and prolonged infusions of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam for MDR/XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: An observational study. European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 47 (4), 561-566. doi: 10.1007/s13318-022-00772-x

25. Setiawan, Eko, Abdul-Aziz, Mohd-Hafiz, Cotta, Menino Osbert, Susaniwati, Susaniwati, Cahjono, Heru, Sari, Ika Yunita, Wibowo, Tjipto, Marpaung, Ferdy Royland and Roberts, Jason A. (2022). Population pharmacokinetics and dose optimization of intravenous levofloxacin in hospitalized adult patients. Scientific Reports, 12 (1) 8930, 1-11. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12627-1

26. Ezure, Yukiko, Rico, Veronica, Paterson, David L., Hall, Lisa, Harris, Patrick N. A., Soriano, Alex, Roberts, Jason A., Bassetti, Matteo, Roberts, Matthew J., Righi, Elda and Wright, Hugh (2022). Efficacy and safety of carbapenems versus new antibiotics for treatment of adult patients with complicated urinary tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 9 (5) ofaa480, ofaa480. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa480

27. Avent, Minyon L., McCarthy, Kate L., Sime, Fekade B., Naicker, Saiyuri, Heffernan, Aaron J., Wallis, Steven C., Paterson, David L. and Roberts, Jason A. (2022). Evaluating mono- and combination therapy of meropenem and amikacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in the hollow-fiber infection model. Microbiology Spectrum, 10 (3), e0052522. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00525-22

28. Sulaiman, Helmi, Roberts, Jason A. and Abdul-Aziz, Mohd H. (2022). Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of beta-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients. Farmacia Hospitalaria, 46 (3), 182-190. doi: 10.7399/fh.13170

29. Sime, Fekade Bruck, Wallis, Steven, Jamieson, Conor, Hills, Tim, Gilchrist, Mark, Santillo, Mark, Seaton, R Andrew, Drummond, Felicity and Roberts, Jason (2022). Evaluation of the stability of temocillin in elastomeric infusion devices used for outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy in accordance with the requirements of the UK NHS Yellow Cover Document. European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 30 (e1), ejhpharm-2022. doi: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2022-003286

30. Sime, Fekade Bruck, Roberts, Jason A., Jeffree, Rosalind L., Pandey, Saurabh, Adiraju, Santosh, Livermore, Amelia, Butler, Jenie, Parker, Suzanne L., Wallis, Steven C., Lipman, Jeffrey and Cotta, Menino Osbert (2021). Population pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam in patients with traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage exhibiting augmented renal clearance. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 60 (5), 655-664. doi: 10.1007/s40262-020-00979-8

31. Agyeman, Akosua A., Rogers, Kate E., Tait, Jessica R., Bergen, Phillip J., Kirkpatrick, Carl M., Wallis, Steven C., Bulitta, Jürgen B., Paterson, David L., Lipman, Jeffrey, Nation, Roger L., Roberts, Jason A. and Landersdorfer, Cornelia B. (2021). Evaluation of meropenem-ciprofloxacin combination dosage regimens for the pharmacokinetics of critically ill patients with augmented renal clearance. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 109 (4), 1104-1115. doi: 10.1002/cpt.2191

32. Dhanani, Jayesh A., Goodman, Steven, Ahern, Benjamin, Cohen, Jeremy, Fraser, John F., Barnett, Adrian, Diab, Sara, Bhatt, Manoj and Roberts, Jason A. (2021). Comparative lung distribution of radiolabeled tobramycin between nebulized and intravenous administration in a mechanically-ventilated ovine model, an observational study. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 57 (2) 106232, 106232. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106232

33. Chiriac, Ute, Richter, Daniel C., Frey, Otto R., Röhr, Anka C., Helbig, Sophia, Preisenberger, Judit, Hagel, Stefan, Roberts, Jason A., Weigand, Markus A. and Brinkmann, Alexander (2021). Personalized piperacillin dosing for the critically ill: a retrospective analysis of clinical experience with dosing software and therapeutic drug monitoring to optimize antimicrobial dosing. Antibiotics, 10 (6) 667, 667. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10060667

34. Raza, Aun, Sime, Fekade Bruck, Cabot, Peter J., Roberts, Jason A., Falconer, James R., Kumeria, Tushar and Popat, Amirali (2021). Liquid CO2 formulated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for pH-responsive oral delivery of meropenem. ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering, 7 (5) acsbiomaterials.0c01284, 1836-1853. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01284

35. Dhanani, Jayesh A., Lipman, Jeffrey, Pincus, Jason, Townsend, Shane, Livermore, Amelia, Wallis, Steven C., Abdul-Aziz, Mohd H. and Roberts, Jason A. (2021). Pharmacokinetics of fluconazole and ganciclovir as combination antimicrobial chemotherapy on ECMO- A case report. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 58 (5) 106431, 106431. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106431

36. Irwin, Adam D., Coin, Lachlan J. M., Harris, Patrick N. A., Cotta, Menino Osbert, Bauer, Michelle J., Buckley, Cameron, Balch, Ross, Kruger, Peter, Meyer, Jason, Shekar, Kiran, Brady, Kara, Fourie, Cheryl, Sharp, Natalie, Vlad, Luminita, Whiley, David, Beatson, Scott A., Forde, Brian M., Paterson, David, Clark, Julia, Hajkowicz, Krispin, Raman, Sainath, Bialasiewicz, Seweryn, Lipman, Jeffrey, Schlapbach, Luregn J. and Roberts, Jason A. (2021). Optimising treatment outcomes for children and adults through rapid genome sequencing of sepsis pathogens. A study protocol for a prospective, multi-centre trial (DIRECT). Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 11 667680, 1-8. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.667680

37. Heffernan, Aaron James, Sime, Fekade Bruck, Naicker, Saiyuri, Andrews, Katherine, Ellwood, David, Guerra-Valero, Yarmarly, Wallis, Steven, Lipman, Jeffrey, Grimwood, Keith and Roberts, Jason Alexander (2021). Pharmacodynamics of once- versus twice-daily dosing of nebulized amikacin in an in vitro Hollow-Fiber Infection Model against 3 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease, 100 (2) 115329, 115329. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115329

38. Raza, Aun, Alavi, Seyed Ebrahim, Sime, Fekade Bruck, Han, Felicity Y., Roberts, Jason A., Popat, Amirali, Falconer, James R. and Kumeria, Tushar (2021). Microfluidic assembly of pomegranate-like hierarchical microspheres for efflux regulation in oral drug delivery. Acta Biomaterialia, 126, 277-290. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.042

39. Raza, Aun, Miles, Jared A., Bruck Sime, Fekade, Ross, Benjamin P., Roberts, Jason A., Popat, Amirali, Kumeria, Tushar and Falconer, James R. (2021). PLGA encapsulated γ-cyclodextrin-meropenem inclusion complex formulation for oral delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 597 120280, 120280. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120280

40. Beraldi-Magalhaes, Francisco, Parker, Suzanne L., Sanches, Cristina, Sousa Garcia, Leandro, Souza Carvalho, Brenda Karoline, Fachi, Mariana Millan, de Liz, Marcus Vinicius, Pontarolo, Roberto, Lipman, Jeffrey, Cordeiro-Santos, Marcelo and Roberts, Jason A. (2021). Is dosing of ethambutol as part of a fixed-dose combination product optimal for mechanically ventilated ICU patients with tuberculosis? A population pharmacokinetic study. Antibiotics, 10 (12) 1559. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10121559

41. Heffernan, Aaron J., Mohd Sazlly Lim, Sazlyna, Lipman, Jeffrey and Roberts, Jason A. (2021). A personalised approach to antibiotic pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in critically ill patients. Anaesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine, 40 (6) 100970, 100970. doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2021.100970

42. Garbez, Nicolas, Mbatchi, Litaty C., Maseda, Emilio, Luque, Sonia, Grau, Santiago, Wallis, Steven C., Muller, Laurent, Lipman, Jeffrey, Roberts, Jason A., Lefrant, Jean-Yves and Roger, Claire (2021). A loading micafungin dose in critically ill patients undergoing continuous veno-venous hemofiltration or continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration: a population pharmacokinetic analysis. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 43 (6), 747-755. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000000874

43. Heffernan, Aaron J. and Roberts, Jason A. (2021). Dose optimisation of antibiotics used for meningitis. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 34 (6), 581-590. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000783

44. Abdul–Aziz, Mohd H., Brady, Kara, Cotta, Menino Osbert and Roberts, Jason A. (2021). Therapeutic drug monitoring of antibiotics: defining the therapeutic range. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 44 (1), 19-31. doi: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000940

45. Sandaradura, Indy, Alffenaar, Jan‐Willem, Cotta, Menino O., Daveson, Kathryn, Day, Richard O., Van Hal, Sebastiaan, Lau, Cindy, Marriott, Deborah J. E., Penm, Jonathan, Roberts, Jason A., Tabah, Alexis, Williams, Paul and Imani, Sahand (2021). Emerging therapeutic drug monitoring of anti‐infective agents in Australian hospitals: availability, performance and barriers to implementation. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 88 (2) bcp.14995, 669-679. doi: 10.1111/bcp.14995

46. Tu, Quyen, Cotta, Menino, Raman, Sainath, Graham, Nicolette, Schlapbach, Luregn and Roberts, Jason A (2021). Individualized precision dosing approaches to optimize antimicrobial therapy in pediatric populations. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 14 (11), 1-17. doi: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1961578

47. Selby, Philip Roland, Shakib, Sepehr, Peake, Sandra L., Warner, Morgyn S., Yeung, David, Hahn, Uwe and Roberts, Jason A. (2021). A systematic review of the clinical pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicodynamics of ganciclovir/valganciclovir in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 60 (6), 727-739. doi: 10.1007/s40262-020-00982-z

48. Heffernan, Aaron, Alawie, Jowana, Wallis, Steven C., Naicker, Saiyuri, Adiraju, Santosh, Roberts, Jason A. and Sime, Fekade Bruck (2021). Pharmacodynamic evaluation of a single dose versus a 24-hour course of multiple doses of cefazolin for surgical prophylaxis. Antibiotics, 10 (5) 602, 602. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10050602

49. Rayner, Craig R., Smith, Patrick F., Andes, David, Andrews, Kayla, Derendorf, Hartmut, Friberg, Lena E., Hanna, Debra, Lepak, Alex, Mills, Edward, Polasek, Thomas M., Roberts, Jason A., Schuck, Virna, Shelton, Mark J., Wesche, David and Rowland-Yeo, Karen (2021). Model-informed drug development for anti-infectives: state of the art and future. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 109 (4), 867-891. doi: 10.1002/cpt.2198

50. Johnston, Karlee, Ankravs, Melissa J., Badman, Belinda, Choo, Chui Lynn, Cree, Michele, Fyfe, Rachel, Roberts, Jason A., Xu, Jessica and Munro, Courtney (2021). Standard of ​practice in intensive care for pharmacy services. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research, 51 (2), 165-183. doi: 10.1002/jppr.171

51. Kato, Hideo, Parker, Suzanne L., Roberts, Jason A., Hagihara, Mao, Asai, Nobuhiro, Yamagishi, Yuka, Paterson, David L. and Mikamo, Hiroshige (2021). Population pharmacokinetics analysis of amikacin initial dosing regimen in elderly patients. Antibiotics, 10 (2) 100, 1-13. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10020100

52. Wallenburg, Eveline, Brüggemann, Roger J. M., Roberts, Jason A., Jager, Nynke G. L., Ulldemolins, Marta, Wilkes, Sarah, Schouten, Jeroen, Chin, Paul K. L. and ter Heine, Rob (2021). A meta-analysis of protein binding of flucloxacillin in healthy volunteers and hospitalized patients. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 28 (3), 446.e1-446.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.06.039

53. Sime, Fekade B. and Roberts, Jason A. (2021). PK/PD and the drug delivery regimen for infusion in the critical care setting. Drug delivery approaches: perspectives from pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. (pp. 355-374) edited by Bret Berner, Toufigh Gordi, Heather A. E. Benson and Michael S.Roberts. Hoboken, NJ, United States: John Wiley & Sons. doi: 10.1002/9781119772767.ch10

54. Kumta, Nilesh, Roberts, Jason A., Lipman, Jeffrey, Wong, Wai Tat, Joynt, Gavin M. and Cotta, Menino Osbert (2020). A systematic review of studies reporting antibiotic pharmacokinetic data in the cerebrospinal fluid of critically Ill patients with uninflamed meninges. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 65 (1) e01998-20, 1-19. doi: 10.1128/aac.01998-20

55. Dhaese SAM, Farkas A, Colin P, Lipman J, Stove V, Verstraete AG, Roberts JA, De Waele JJ. Population pharmacokinetics and evaluation of the predictive performance of pharmacokinetic models in critically ill patients receiving continuous infusion meropenem: a comparison of eight pharmacokinetic models. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2019 Feb 1;74(2):432-441. doi: 10.1093/jac/dky434. PubMed PMID: 30376103

56. Wong G, Briscoe S, McWhinney B, Ally M, Ungerer J, Lipman J, Roberts JA. Therapeutic drug monitoring of β-lactam antibiotics in the critically ill: direct measurement of unbound drug concentrations to achieve appropriate drug exposures. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018 Nov 1;73(11):3087-3094. doi: 10.1093/jac/dky314. PubMed PMID: 30137377

57. Tängdén T, Cojutti PG, Roberts JA, Pea F. Valganciclovir Pharmacokinetics in Patients Receiving Oral Prophylaxis Following Kidney Transplantation and Model-Based Predictions of Optimal Dosing Regimens. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2018 Nov; 57(11):1399-1405. doi: 10.1007/s40262-018-0638-5. PubMed PMID: 29546589

58. Rawson TM, O'Hare D, Herrero P, Sharma S, Moore LSP, de Barra E, Roberts JA, Gordon AC, Hope W, Georgiou P, Cass AEG, Holmes AH Delivering precision antimicrobial therapy through closed-loop control systems. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018 Apr 1;73(4):835-843. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkx458

59. Heil, Emily L., Nicolau, David P., Farkas, Andras, Roberts, Jason A. and Thom, Kerri A. Pharmacodynamic target attainment for cefepime, meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam using a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic-based dosing calculator in critically ill patients. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, (2018), doi:10.1128/AAC.01008-18

60. Minichmayr, Iris K., Roberts, Jason A., Frey, Otto R., Roehr, Anka C., Kloft, Charlotte and Brinkmann, A. Development of a dosing nomogram for continuous-infusion meropenem in critically ill patients based on a validated population pharmacokinetic model The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, (2018), 73 5: 1330-1339. doi:10.1093/jac/dkx526

61. Roger, C., Roberts, J. A., & Muller, L. (2018). Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oxazolidinones. Clinical pharmacokinetics, 57(5), 559-575

62. Kumta, N., Roberts, J. A., Lipman, J., & Cotta, M. O. (2018). Antibiotic distribution into cerebrospinal fluid: can dosing safely account for drug and disease factors in the treatment of ventriculostomy-associated infections?. Clinical pharmacokinetics, 57(4), 439-454

63. Tängdén T, Ramos Martín V, Felton TW, Nielsen EI, Marchand S, Brüggemann RJ, Bulitta JB, Bassetti M, Theuretzbacher U, Tsuji BT, Wareham DW, Friberg LE, De Waele JJ, Tam VH, Roberts JA; Infection Section for the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Study Group of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, the International Society of Anti-Infective Pharmacology and the Critically Ill Patients Study Group of European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. The role of infection models and PK/PD modelling for optimising care of critically ill patients with severe infections. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Jul;43(7):1021-1032. doi: 10.1007/s00134-017-4780-6. Epub 2017 Apr 13. Review. PubMed PMID: 28409203

64. Economou CJP, Wong G, McWhinney B, Ungerer JPJ, Lipman J, Roberts JA. Impact of β-lactam antibiotic therapeutic drug monitoring on dose adjustments in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2017 May;49(5):589-594. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.01.009. Epub 2017 Mar 21. PubMed PMID: 28341612

65. Jager NG, van Hest RM, Lipman J, Taccone FS, Roberts JA Therapeutic drug monitoring of anti-infective agents in critically ill patients. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Jul;9(7):961-79. doi: 10.1586/17512433.2016.1172209. Epub 2016 Apr 15.

66. Farkas, A., Daroczi, G., Villasurda, P., Dolton, M., Nakagaki, M., & Roberts, J. A. (2016). Comparative evaluation of the predictive performance of three different structural population pharmacokinetic models to predict future voriconazole concentrations. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, AAC-00970

67. Roger, C., Wallis, S. C., Louart, B., Lefrant, J. Y., Lipman, J., Muller, L., & Roberts, J. A. (2016). Comparison of equal doses of continuous venovenous haemofiltration and haemodiafiltration on ciprofloxacin population pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 71(6), 1643-1650

68. Cotta, M. O., Roberts, J. A., & Lipman, J. (2016). We need to optimize piperacillin-tazobactam dosing in critically ill patients—but how?. Critical Care, 20(1), 163

69. McDonald, C., Cotta, M. O., Little, P. J., Mcwhinney, B., Ungerer, J. P., Lipman, J., & Roberts, J. A. (2016). Is high-dose β-lactam therapy associated with excessive drug toxicity in critically ill patients?. Minerva anestesiologica, 82(9), 957-965